Object Oriented Concept

Object Oriented Paradigm

 OOP allows us to decompose a problem into a number of entities called Objects and build data and function around this entities. The Combination of data and methods make up an object. The data of an object can be accessed only by the method associated with the object. Some of the feature of object oriented paradigm are: 

• Emphasis in on data rather than procedure. 

• Program are divided into what are known as Objects. 

• Data is hidden and cannot be accessed by external function. 

• Objects may communicate with each other through methods. 

• New data and method can be easily added whenever necessary. 

• Follows bottom up approach in program design. 

Object oriented programming is an approach that provides a way of modularizing programs by creating partitioned memory area for both data and method that can be used as templates for creating copies of such modules on demand. 

Features of OOP

 • Class: The class is similar to model or blueprint for creating objects. One class may have multiple instances of objects. For examples Rahim is a student. Here, Rahim is an object and student is a class. 

• Object: All real world object are represent objects. Every objects has certain state and behaviour. The state of the object is represent is represent by variables and the behaviour by method. An object together with variable and related method is a software entity. Moreover, an object is an instance of a class.

 • Encapsulation: Encapsulation means the process of wrapping code and data together into s single unit. We can create a fully encapsulate class in OOP. It is a way to achieve data hiding because other class will not be able to access the data through the private data members. 

• Inheritance: Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquire the properties of objects of another class. Inheritance provides the idea of reusability. This means that we can add additional features to an existing class without modifying it. 

• Polymorphism: Polymorphism means the ability to take more than one form. Example, an operation may exhibit different behaviour in different in different instances. 

 Benefits of OOP 

• Through inheritance, we can eliminate redundant code and extend the use of existing classes. • The principle of data hiding helps the programmer to build secure program that cannot be invaded by code in other parts of the program. 

• It is possible to have multiple objects to coexist without any interference. 

• It is easy partition the work in a project based on objects.

 • Object oriented system can be easily upgraded from small to large system. 

• Message passing technique for communication between objects. 

• Software complexity is easily managed. 

Application of OOP 

Application of OOP are beginning to gain importance in many areas. The most popular application of object oriented programming, up to now, has been in the area of user interface design such as windows. There are hundreds of windowing systems developed using OOP technique. OOP is useful is this type of application because it can simplify a complex problem. The promising areas for application of OOP includes:

 • Real time System. 

• Simulation and modelling.

 • Object oriented databases. 

• Hypertext, hypermedia. 

• Ai and expert system. 

• Neural network and parallel programming. 

• Decision support and office automation system. 

• CIM/CAD system.